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Battle of Puebla
The Battle of Puebla took place on 5 May 1862, near the city of Puebla during the French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French forces. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger〔The following sources are mentioning that Zaragoza was heading 12,000 troops : see (The Cinco de Mayo and French Imperialism ) - HICKS Peter, Fondation Napoléon, and General Gustave Léon Niox book, ''Expédition du Mexique : 1861-1867'', published in 1874 by Librairie militaire de J. Dumaine, p. 162 〕 French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City. There were a total of 10,540 soldiers in the war. 462 French soldiers died in combat. Only 83 Mexican soldiers died in the battle.
The Mexican victory is celebrated yearly on the fifth of May. Its celebration is regional in Mexico, primarily in the state of Puebla,〔(List of Public and Bank Holidays in Mexico ) April 14, 2008. This list indicates that Cinco de Mayo is not a ''día feriado obligatorio'' ("obligatory holiday"), but is instead a holiday that can be voluntarily observed.〕〔(Cinco de Mayo is not a federal holiday in México ) Accessed May 5, 2009〕 where the holiday is celebrated as ''El Día de la Batalla de Puebla'' (English: Battle of Puebla Day).〔(''Día de la Batalla de Puebla''. 5 May 2011. "Dia de la Batalla de Puebla: 5 de Mayo de 1862." ) Colegio Rex: Marina, Mazatlan. Retrieved 25 May 2011.〕〔(''Día de la Batalla de Puebla (5 de Mayo).'' Guia de San Miguel. ) Retrieved 25 May 2011.〕〔(''Happy “Battle of Puebla” Day.'' ) Retrieved 25 May 2011.〕 There is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country although this holiday remains very popular in the United States where it is celebrated yearly as Cinco de Mayo.
==Background==
The 1858–60 Mexican civil war known as The Reform War had caused distress throughout Mexico's economy. When taking office as the elected president in 1861, Benito Juárez was forced to suspend payments of interest on foreign debts for a period of two years. At the end of October 1861 diplomats from Spain, France, and Britain met in London to form the Tripartite Alliance, with the main purpose of launching an allied invasion of Mexico, taking control of Veracruz, its major port, and forcing the Mexican government to negotiate terms for repaying its debts and for reparations for alleged harm to foreign citizens in Mexico. In December 1861, Spanish troops landed in Veracruz; British and French followed in early January. The allied forces occupied Veracruz and advanced to Orizaba. However, the Tripartite Alliance fell apart by early April 1862, when it became clear the French wanted to impose harsh demands on the Juarez government and provoke a war. The British and Spanish withdrew, leaving the French to march alone on Mexico City. Napoleon III wanted to set up a puppet Mexican regime.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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